Who Else Wants to Learn About Essay Samples for Grade 9?

Who Else Wants to Learn About Essay Samples for Grade 9? The Unexpected Truth About Essay Samples for Grade 9 Additionally, there are free informative speech papers that it is possible to download from the world wide web. In 10th grade, students ought to be in a position to write and complete written compositions on a normal basis. Therefore, such statement should not be overly large or general, because it defines the essential route for the paper. Exactly like a thesis statement, a purpose statement can be found at the close of the intro paragraph, or may choose the kind of a different paragraph in sizeable papers, like dissertations etc.. If you are in possession of a crystal clear essay, readers will understand easily what you wish to tell. The readers wish to read an essay that's absolutely free from any mistakes so it will be simple to comprehend. Your paragraphs do not connect one another's meaning and the whole thought of your essay might be incomprehensible. Therefore, either you wish to learn more about how to compose an essay, or you desire some essay writing services or even in the event that you would like to go through some sample essays, then just refer to WritingBest and all of your requirements will be fulfilled whenever possible. So far as essay structure goes, a 4 or 5 paragraph essay based on the number of points you are going to want to argue is an excellent start. So whenever you're writing on argumentative subject, then you have to be more careful than you usually are. If you would like to convince your readers, be sure that you present information in a superior manner that could be read easily. It's critical to be specific and supply factual details. Design an internet site which pulls information from several sources to supply a unified view. The information should have a superior flow. The Fight Ag ainst Essay Samples for Grade 9 Essay writing is often practiced is schools. Months before the IELTS test, you should first realize the position in which you stand when it comes to the English language. You need to understand how to compose an effective essay as it is a typical foundation for a student's grade. Students are requested to indicate how a specific sentence may be corrected or improved or the way the organization or development of a paragraph may be strengthened. Students learn how to write effectively when they write more frequently. They have to write essays depending on the teacher's instructions or their desired style in writing. Lack of time Unlike in high school, they do not have a lot of time to write essays in college. As a consequence, most students prefer to look for external aid to be able to boost their grades. Who Else Wants to Learn About Essay Samples for Grade 9? Argumentative essays are a structure and form of an essay that's intended to argue a particular idea or concept that's then brought through a process which delivers support and data that could enhance or take away from the view of the scenario. In a brief paper, a thesis statement should be found at the close of the intro paragraph. What's more, it's possible to also seek the aid of your course mates that have a better knowledge of the topic than you do. Put simply, the theme on which you are likely to compose your thesis ought to be limited in scope or it can turn out disjointed and lose its intended aim. The Chronicles of Essay Samples for Grade 9 Reading samples of response papers is also an additional way by which you can easily learn how to compose a reaction paper to documentary. Then, you've got to keep in your mind several things. These guidelines will help you in planning how to compose a reaction paper to a documentary. Use recognizable tone along with theme you may identify with. The effect of consumerism is a problem for global warming. The usage of fossil fuels is also quite effective as it reduces using harmful fuels like petroleum and diesel as they harm atmosphere around us. Increasing for production is the consequence of consumerisms. The Downside Risk of Essay Samples for Grade 9 Provide the facts of your litigation certifications Your previous work experience will assist you in getting more employers. Finally be certain that your essay meets minimum set requirements and doesn't overlook some crucial requir ements. Some individuals desire to get a good life partner, although some of them desire to have handsome quantity of income. Person goal examples may supply the guidance to a person.

The Compound Effect By Darren Hardy - 1029 Words

Griffey Halle Bus 210 Dr. Carl Wysocki Book Summary June 11, 2017 The Compound Effect by Darren Hardy This was a very good and intriguing book to read throughout the past couple weeks. I thought that Darren Hardy made handling money and life very simple and easy unlike other books. I Thought for my summary of the book that I would share some of his great ideas he presented in the book with his wisdom. Success and failure are the results of the choices that we make everyday. Part of the compound effect is making the right decision over and over again for a long period of time in order to be consistently successful. Its all about making the right decision which can be hard at times because sometimes you don’t know what the right decision†¦show more content†¦Ã¢â‚¬Å"every decision, no matter how slight, alters the trajectory of your life (pg.23).† Another great thing I took from this book is to track the habits that you want to change. This is something that I can apply to my whole life especially the financial part of it. I fid myself spending my money way to fast and wondering how it disappeared so quickly. In the book it says to make sure you record everything that you buy so you can make improvements on what you are doing with your money. â€Å"Tracking is a simple exercise. It works because it brings moment-to-moment awareness to the actions you take in the area of your life you want to improve (pg. 38).† Another great part about this book is when he talks about riding the momentum of success. Its important that when you find success that you go back to what got you there and work just as hard as you did before and you will begin to ride this wave or rhythm of success. â€Å"Achievers-People who get into a successful rhythm-continue busting their butts and end up achieving more and more (pg.94).† I think that one of the most important parts of the book is when talks about developing a routine. A routine is everything, its what you do everyday in order to be successful and find success in life. Developing a routine develops great habits in every part ofShow MoreRelatedIndia Wine Industry Report5915 Words   |  24 Pages and Pikes, Victor Precie and Stonier of Victoria have tied up with Echidna Wine Traders to market their wines in India. Xanadu and Cape Mentelle from Western Australia are also being marketed in India by Fine Wines More and Moet Hennessey. BRL Hardy has a dist ribution arrangement with Sula Vineyards of Nasik. Additionally well known Australia brands such as Oxford Landing, Yellow Tail, Jacobs Creek, and Tyrell are readily available in India. Market Segment and Market Share for Imported Wines:

Substance Abuse and Mental Illness

Question: Discuss about the Substance Abuse and Mental Illness. Answer: Individuals suffering from substance abusing are also suffering from mental illness as well as significant challenges for the practitioners of mental health. The treatment of this disease is really difficult as it needs to undergo a series of psychological treatment. In 1980 the recognition of dual diagnosis was first done. Treatment of the patients with dual diagnosis is quite troublesome (Braddy et al. 1996). Time when mental illness and substance abuse takes place together, at that time they are known as co-morbidity. Psychological sickness along with substance abuse kind of incidents occur on a variety, and a concurrent issue arises when they converge anytime, generate an almost never-ending rundown of feasible mixes. For example, a clild may use liquor to adapt to sentiments of uneasiness or even utilize medication to adapt to manifestations of ADHD (Hilarski and Wodarski 2008). The more serious the basic psychological well-being or substance mishandle issue is, the more probable it will raise to a simultaneous issue. The connection between psychological wellness issues and substance abuse fluctuate contingent upon the sort and seriousness of the emotional well-being issue, the substance utilized and the seriousness of the substance mishandle issues (Cuzen et al. 2014). For instance, in grown-ups, tension and discouragement are more identified with substance reliance, instead of substa nce abuse.6 However, there is less research inspecting these distinctions in youth. The most widely recognized dysfunctional behaviors found in mix with substance mishandle among youth are CD, ODD, clinical discouragement and PTSD. In Western societies, homeless people have a higher predominance of emotional sickness when contrasted to the general population. They additionally will probably be alcoholic and experience the ill effects of medication dependency. It is evaluated that 2025% of homeless people, contrasted and 6% of the non-destitute, have serious mental illness. Others estimated that up to one third of the destitute experience the ill effects of mental distress. Studies have found that there is a connection amongst homelessness and imprisonment. Those with emotional instability or substance abused were observed to be incarcerated at a higher recurrence than the general populaces. Genuine mental illness disrupts the individuals' capacity for completing the basic parts of everyday life, for example, self care and family unit administration. Mental illness may likewise keep people from framing and keeping up stable connections or make them misinterpret others' direction and respond irrationally (Kessler et al. 1994). This frequently brings about pushing away the care-givers, family, and companions who might be the constrain shielding that individual from getting to be noticeably destitute. Poor emotional health may likewise control physical well being, predominantly for homeless individuals. Emotional unsteadiness may make individuals take no notice of playing it safe against ailment. At the point when consolidated with lacking hygiene due to vagrancy, this may result in physical issues, like respiratory infection, skin dieses, or even introduction to tuberculosis (TB) or HIV. Almost half of the realistically sick poor populace experiences substance abuse and dependence (Substance Mishandle and Psychological well-being Administrations Organization). For some homeless, substance abuse co-occurs with emotional sickness. Regularly, individuals with untreated emotional sicknesses utilize road for sedating themselves as an improper type of self-medication. Homeless with both substance disorder and emotional sickness encounters extra impediments for the recovery, for instances, increased risk for brutality and exploitation (Lembke 2012). Addiction is basic in individuals with emotional well-being issues. Be that as it may, despite the fact that substance abuse and emotional wellness issue like depression and anxiety are firmly connected, one doesn't straightforwardly bring about the other. Substances like drugs, alcohol are frequently used to self-medicate the signs of anxiety or depression.It also causes abuse based on the side-effects and in future, worsens the minor signs that initially occurred. It also increases the risk underlying for mental disorders.Mental disorders occur due to complex interaction of genetics, the surroundings, and other external facts (Mariani, Khantzian and Levin 2014). It causes mental health problem worse.Substance abuse may prominently increase signs of mental sickness or initiate new signs. Alcohol and drug abuse can also act together with medicine like antidepressants, anti-anxiety pills, and frame of mind stabilizers, making them less efficient. The article has explored PTSDSUD co-morbidity in a discouraged test. We found that females and people had nearly identical their reality, rehash, or repeat of these encounters, the misfortune's age at the event of the damage, or the blameworthy party. Subsequently, it is conceivable that females in our study had more over the top encounters of harm than males. In like way, they were essentially more conceivable than people to self-see as Aboriginal, which may have developed their weakness for mischief introduction (McCrackwen, Holmes and Corrigan 1998). The marvels of chronicled and trans-generational harm, encounters of youth care, non-state funded school, and social minimization are especially consistent among Aboriginal masses The watched sex contrasts may in like way be inferable from females being at a more authentic hazard for specific sorts of traumatic occasions, (for example, sexual abuse) that will probably acknowledge PTSD (Ogloff, Lemphers and Dwyer 2004). Homeless females and males may benefit by the same treatment parts keeping an eye on their substance use rehearses, additional sex-specific fragments may be melded to address their enthusiastic prosperity issues. Clinicians working in SUD organizations for the dejected should realize that females are more inclined to have synchronous PTSD, and should be set up to offer PTSD treatment as a joined some bit of their organizations, or insinuate them to an organized treatment program. Clinicians should be orchestrated to offer crisis and suicide neutralizing activity and treatment for females with PTSD. In addition, their generous, energetic, and subjective appearances of inconvenience could respond to eager control and stress organization get ready using cognitive behavioral and loosening up frameworks. Starting late, rationalistic lead treatment has been joined with a postponed acquaintance tradition with treat PTSD in females with complex psychiatric conditions, and has yielded promisi ng results in diminishing a broad assortment of trauma related and psychiatric appearances (Torchalla et al. 2014). Clearly, it is possible that females report more important appearances in these areas essentially in light of the way that they have more PTSD signs than folks, and in this way, realizing standard PTSD treatment would be sufficient to enhance each and every opposite reaction. This is a district in which future research is required. Folks, on the other hand, may benefit by the extension of expert and gathering reintegration organizations. It may be clear as an associated but unrelated pathologic or illness process; this term is generally used in the epidemiology realm for indicating the co-existence of two or even more illness processes. in recent times, professionals have started using the terms dual diagnosis and co-morbidity in an interchangeable manner for referring an individual with a material (Thomson, Wilson and Robinson 2009). Patients with co-occurring syndrome are tough to the drug and psychological treatment due to their frequency in both systems and the complex symtomatology, they are showcased to treatment providers. Effectual treatment for this varied population need to address several issues. If compared with single-disorder patients, those with co-occurring sickness have high rates of criminal involvement, recidivism, homelessness, suicide, and frequent psychiatric day care visits, and lower rates of healing and medicine faithfulness (Lehman and Dixon 2016). They are also more expensive for the entire health care system. It might be characterized as an accompanying however random pathologic or, on the other hand ailment handle; the term is normally utilized as a part of the domain of the study of disease transmission in request to demonstrate the concurrence of at least two infection forms. As of late, experts have started to utilize the terms double conclusion and co morbidity reciprocally to allu de to a person with a substance utilize issue and an existing together psychiatric issue. Customers with co-happening issue are trying to the medication and emotional well-being treatment frameworks in view of their commonness in both frameworks furthermore, the complex symtomatology they present to treatment suppliers. Viable treatment for this heterogeneous populace needs in tending to various issues. In contrast with single-issue customers, those with co-happening issue have higher rates of recidivism, criminal inclusion, suicide, and vagrancy, more regular psychiatric hospitalizations, and lower rates of cure and prescription adherence (Pickard and Fazel 2013). They are likewise more exorbitant to the social insurance framework. The high rate of co-morbid substance misuse and passionate infection centers to the prerequisite for a broad approach that recognizes, surveys, and in the meantime treats both dissipates. Patients with co-happening disarrange much of the time show more extraordinary indications than those brought on by either issue alone, underscoring the prerequisite for joined treatment. Vigilant conclusion and checking will help ensure that signs related to prescription misuse (e.g., intoxication, withdrawal) are not stirred up for a discrete mental issue. To be sure, even in people whose comorbidities don't occur at the same time, ask about exhibits that mental issue can assemble vulnerability to coming about medication misuse and that solution mistreat constitutes a peril consider for coming about mental disarranges (Barry et al. 2014). Along these lines, assurance and treatment of one issue will likely decline peril for the other, or if nothing else upgrade its conjecture. The need to make capa ble interventions to treat both conditions at the same time is unequivocally supported by inspect, yet has been difficult to execute eventually in light of the fact that: The therapeutic administrations structures set up to treat substance misuse and passionate affliction are regularly separated, hereafter inefficient. Specialists tend in treating the patients with passionate disorders; while a mix of providers with fluctuating establishments pass on sedate misuse treatment. Some substance misuse curing centers are uneven against using any solutions, including those vital to treat patients with genuine mental issue. Still, behavioral treatment options revamp for a given age assembling or sex have exhibited ensure for treating drug abuse and mental turmoil comorbidities, and research is under way to deal with perceive medicines concentrating on both issue. Clinicians and researchers generally agree on the wide range conclusion and synchronous treatment (pharmacological and behavioral) will provoke better results for patients with comorbid disarranges. The disgrace affixed to substance misuse and mental disarranges consistently ruins early assurance and true blue treatment. More conspicuous understanding coming to fruition due to late legitimate revelations that substance misuse and maladjustment irritate a part of a comparative personality limits will diminish the social disrespect that averts treatment pursuing, quality, and access by patients with either or both conditions (Dols et al. 2014). Individuals who have substance abuse disorder as well as mental sickness are recognized as analyzing for having co-occurring disorders, or dual disorders. This is likewise in some cases called a dual diagnosis. A substance use disorder incorporates Alcohol or drug abuse Alcohol or dependence Drug abuse is determined when substance utilize meddles to have working at work, at school, and in social connections. It is likewise analyzed when substance utilize makes or compounds a medicinal condition or when substance utilize happens in hazardous circumstances. Liquor or drug determination is a more extreme condition than liquor or drug abuse. Notwithstanding confronting more pessimistic results, individuals with reliance have flopped in their endeavors to refrain from or control their utilization of substances. Now and again, physiological reliance may likewise exist, which is shown by uplifted resistance (requiring to a greater extent a substance to get a similar impact) and withdrawal (encountering indications, for example, tremors or sickness when substance utilize has halted). The absolute most regular psychological wellness issue found in artificially subordinate individuals incorporates state of mind and nervousness issue (Crump et al. 2013). A considerably higher rate of individuals with serious emotional sickness additionally has co-happening substance utilize clutters. Called extreme in light of the seriousness and length of scenes of disease, these emotional well-being clutters incorporate schizophrenia and schizoaffective issue. The disorder might occur due to several risk factors. A particularly dynamic domain of co-morbidity research incorporates the search for qualities that may slant individuals to make both propensity and other enthusiastic insecurities, or to have a more genuine peril of a minute issue occurring after the primary appears. It is evaluated that 40-60 percent of an individual's defenselessness to impulse is inferable from innate qualities; the greater part of this shortcoming rises up out of complex collaborations among various qualities and from genetic relationship with biological effects. In any case, qualities can in like manner act round about by altering how an individual responds to push or by enhancing the likelihood of risk taking and interest searching for practices, which could affect the headway of pharmaceutical use issue and other useless practices (Post et al. 2014). A couple of regions of the human genome have been associated with extended peril of both medicine use diffus es and useless conduct, fusing association with more critical weakness to pre-grown-up drug dependence and direct issue. References Barry, C.L., McGinty, E.E., Pescosolido, B.A. and Goldman, H.H., 2014. Stigma, discrimination, treatment effectiveness, and policy: public views about drug addiction and mental illness.Psychiatric Services,65(10), pp.1269-1272. Brady, S., Hiam, C.M., Saemann, R., Humbert, L., Fleming, M.Z. and Dawkins-Brickhouse, K., 1996. Dual diagnosis: a treatment model for substance abuse and major mental illness.Community mental health journal,32(6), pp.573-578. Crump, C., Sundquist, K., Winkleby, M.A. and Sundquist, J., 2013. Comorbidities and mortality in bipolar disorder: a Swedish national cohort study.JAMA psychiatry,70(9), pp.931-939. Cuzen, N.L., Stein, D.J., Lochner, C. and Fineberg, N.A., 2014. Comorbidity of obsessivecompulsive disorder and substance use disorder: a new heuristic. Human Psychopharmacology: Clinical and Experimental, 29(1), pp.89-93. Dols, A., Rhebergen, D., Beekman, A., Kupka, R., Sajatovic, M. and Stek, M.L., 2014. Psychiatric and medical comorbidities: results from a bipolar elderly cohort study.The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry,22(11), pp.1066-1074. Hilarski, C and Wodarski, J 2008, Comorbid substance abuse and mental illness, Journal of Social Work Practice in the Addictions, 1(1), pg. 105-119. Kessler, R.C., McGonagle, K.A., Zhao, S., Nelson, C.B., Hughes, M., Eshleman, S., Wittchen, H.U. and Kendler, K.S., 1994. Lifetime and 12-month prevalence of DSM-III-R psychiatric disorders in the United States: results from the National Comorbidity Survey.Archives of general psychiatry,51(1), pp.8-19. Lehman, A.F. and Dixon, L. eds., 2016.Double jeopardy: Chronic mental illness and substance use disorders. Routledge. Lembke, A., 2012. Time to abandon the self-medication hypothesis in patients with psychiatric disorders. The American journal of drug and alcohol abuse, 38(6), pp.524-529. Mariani, J.J., Khantzian, E.J. and Levin, F.R., 2014. The self?medication hypothesis and psychostimulant treatment of cocaine dependence: An update. The American journal on addictions, 23(2), pp.189-193. McCracken, S.G., Holmes, E.P. and Corrigan, P.W., 1998. Cognitive Behavioral Strategies for Persons with Mental Illness and Substance Abuse Problems.Psychiatric Rehabilitation Skills,2(2), pp.206-232. Ogloff, J.R., Lemphers, A. and Dwyer, C., 2004. Dual diagnosis in an Australian forensic psychiatric hospital: Prevalence and implications for services. Behavioral Sciences the Law, 22(4), pp.543-562. Pickard, H. and Fazel, S., 2013. Substance abuse as a risk factor for violence in mental illness: some implications for forensic psychiatric practice and clinical ethics.Current opinion in psychiatry,26(4), p.349. Post, R.M., Altshuler, L.L., Leverich, G.S., Frye, M.A., Suppes, T., McElroy, S.L., Keck Jr, P.E., Nolen, W.A., Kupka, R.W., Grunze, H. and Rowe, M., 2014. More medical comorbidities in patients with bipolar disorder from the United States than from the Netherlands and Germany.The Journal of nervous and mental disease,202(4), pp.265-270. Thomson, L., Wilson, J. and Robinson, L., 2009. Predictors of violence in mental illness: the role of substance abuse and associated factors.The Journal of Forensic Psychiatry Psychology,20(6), pp.919-927. Torchalla, I., Strehlau, V., Li, K., Aube Linden, I., Noel, F. and Krausz, M., 2014. Posttraumatic stress disorder and substance use disorder comorbidity in homeless adults: Prevalence, correlates, and sex differences. Psychology of addictive behaviors, 28(2), p.443.

The conventions governing ministerial responsibility Essay Example

The conventions governing ministerial responsibility Paper As we have learnt from out study of conventions, it would be very difficult to track down every convention relevant to ministerial responsibility, as they can be found from a variety of sources, some of which are unwritten. I shall be attempting to examine the most significant conventions, and examining their nature to determine exactly how effective they are. In particular, I shall look at the nature of convention itself to establish criteria on which we can judge the scope and adequacy of the conventions. I shall also examine incompetence and impropriety throughout ministerial departments and the civil service, because as we shall discover shortly, ministers are accountable for more than just their own actions. Conventions are the rules which regulate the day-to-day functioning of the legal constitution, described by some as the rules of constitutional morality. The most important conventions in the constitution are commonly regarded as those which either limit monarchical power or, as is applicable here, regulate the relationship between government and Parliament. The nature of convention is such that some may be well-established and clear, like that which ensures that Parliament meets at least once a year, whereas others are less clear and tend to cause controversy. For a convention to be properly established, it needs to be accepted by those whom it affects. However, a convention is not directly enforceable by law, which is where matters of inadequacy play a part, as we shall discover later on. We will write a custom essay sample on The conventions governing ministerial responsibility specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The conventions governing ministerial responsibility specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The conventions governing ministerial responsibility specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Ministers are members or supporters of the party in power which holds political office, who often have departmental responsibilities for which they are politically responsible to Parliament as individuals. Ministers are thus responsible for their own actions, a concept known as individual responsibility, and are accountable for the actions of their department, and I shall discuss the distinction between the two later on. Ministerial responsibility has been the accepted basis of parliamentary government in Britain since the mid-19th century, along with particular development in the other main aspect of ministerial responsibility collective responsibility. This is the idea that ministers must hold a united front once a cabinet decision has been made, having been given the chance to dissent or resign when the decision itself was being made. It is necessary to outline some of the governmental conventions used regarding ministerial responsibility. The Ministerial Code created in 1945 is the primary source for most of these conventions, which were revised and reissued by Blair in 1997. The principles of ministerial conduct stated in this code include a duty to uphold collective responsibility and a requirement for ministers to account for the activities of their department/agency. More specifically, the code also states that, ministers who knowingly mislead Parliament will be expected to offer their resignation to the Prime Minister, and the word knowingly is of particular significance. Ministers have a duty to be as open as possible with Parliament and the public, refusing information only when disclosure would not be in the public interest. A minister must behave according to the highest standards of constitutional and personal conduct in the performance of their duties. The Carltona Principle also states that if a decision is made on behalf of one of his officials, then that constitutionally is the ministers decision. It is also a duty of a minister to send civil servants under him to select committees for questioning, if they are called upon. However, in most cases, civil servants are not responsible for their actions and decisions, unless powers have been formally delegated from a minister. Despite the apparently clear nature of these conventions, the system of ministerial responsibility has been shown by many to be an insufficient means of scrutinising government, and ways of breaking these conventions, or amending them to suit circumstances have exposed their uncertainty and inadequacy. If we examine some of the conventions that I listed, we can show how each of them has failed in their duty to govern ministerial responsibility. I outlined that ministers have a duty to account for their departments, but there is a growing accountability gap which is allowing ministers to distance themselves from the traditional full accountability for their department. Prison difficulties in 1995 exposed this issue, when the chief executive of the Prison Service was dismissed following review of prison security, which showed problems traceable to the prison service headquarters. The Home Secretary, Michael Howard denied that any policy of his caused the problems, and refused to take responsibility for his agencys failures. The fact that a minister actually has the freedom to do this exposes the clear inadequacy of the convention in safeguarding against ministerial impropriety, which saw a member of the civil service take responsibility for the issue without much political tumult from the rest of the government. Even if Howard wasnt at fault, the convention has no means of testing or ensuring that, nor of actively stopping a minister from relinquishing responsibility for a departmental error. The Scott Report 1996 is full of examples of ministers deliberately holding back information, refusing to answer questions and providing inadequate responses to questions. The whole arms to Iraq issue exposed problems within the conventions of ministerial responsibility, particularly in defining who was accountable, and in extracting necessary information from officials. It can be argued that those ministers who did not account for their actions for reasons of commercial confidentiality, or in the public interest, were not fulfilling their ministerial duty, particularly in knowingly misleading Parliament. Scott specifically stated that British Governments act as though they are the state, and regularly confuse the public interest with their own governmental convenience. Even though the government narrowly avoided being implicated for a cover-up by surviving a parliamentary debate by one vote, convention was shown to insufficiently prevent ministerial misconduct. I find that the usage of the confidentiality excuse was particularly barren, as it contradicted UK policy to publish details of certain arms exports in the UN Arms Register, itself an initiative of John Major. As Lewis and Longley identify, there was no reason why the ministers could not have at least provided details regarding the nature and quantity of arms involved, even if commercial confidentiality had to be maintained. In general, conventions regarding avoidance of answering questions are completely deficient in preventing the avoidance of politically fragile issues out of convenience. The democratic process is totally undermined by the inability to scrutinise government, and prevent such indirectness. Another issue brought up by the report was the prevention of the select committee from questioning key civil servants who had retired. These civil servants would have provided valuable information to the inquiry, but convention held that they could not be questioned. Inadequate safeguarding against ministerial errors is yet again exposed, as this convention acts as yet another means of shielding ministers (and departments) from taking responsibility for their actions. On the whole, the Scott Report exposed a general assumption of executive dominance over Parliament, prioritising government policy over law, and depicting the conventions as open to discretion and highly ambiguous. It is outlined in convention that ministers should maintain the highest standards of constitutional and personal conduct, yet the nature of ministerial responsibility has been shown to be such that the upholding of this convention is also unnecessary. The government almost always backs any minister that is facing an enquiry, using its majority in the House of Commons, if opposition attempts to table a motion of censure to try and employ some means of governmental scrutiny. Thus another convention is shown to be empty and easy to bypass by government shielding of its own. I have discussed the inadequacy of these conventions in some depth, but further examination of the uncertainty of the scope of some of these conventions is also required. I outlined a duty to uphold collective responsibility. However, from examples such as dissent regarding implementation of a 10% tariff in the economic crisis of 1932, and the unwillingness to continue membership of the European Communities in 1974, an alternative option was given to ministers whereby it was not necessary for ministers to resign, known as agreement to differ. In the first example, the option for completely open dissent was given, but in the second example, only dissent outside of Parliament was permitted. It appears from these examples that departure from convention governing ministerial responsibility is permissible when it suits the Cabinet, undermining the nature of the convention itself. Also, as outward cabinet unity (regarded by many as the main reason for collective responsibility) has been sacrificed in any case by allowing open dissent, why should different levels of outward dissent be permitted in different circumstances? The scope of convention is shown to be uncertain here, as well as the extent to which the convention should apply, and when agreement to differ, should be permitted. The whole responsibility vs. ccountability debate shows further uncertainty as to how far convention actually applies. Theoretically, a minister is accountable for all that happens in his department, but my example of the Home Secretary in 1995 showed weakness in this convention. The real problems arise when there is genuine uncertainty as to who is responsible for a policy. The uncertain nature of this convention allows a minister to avoid taking responsibility for a decision made in his department, but similarly, a civil servant can also avoid this responsibility, as he isnt expected to know enough to make sufficiently educated decisions. There is also continuing debate regarding how far a minister is responsible for maladministration of power if a civil servant below him makes a mistake, and the circumstances in which a minister should have to resign. Clearly convention does not hold the answer to these questions, as the answers depend on the political atmosphere in which the issue has occurred, so convention can be shown to be uncertain in providing safeguards against relinquishment of ministerial responsibilities. I have based my argument on criticism of the conventions governing ministerial responsibility. However, there are aspects of convention which could be called creditable, and show why the system of convention has lasted so long. One good thing about this system is that it has allowed power to theoretically remain in the hands of the electorate, so that ministers can share out policy-making and administrative authority, rather than having it concentrated in the hands of the monarch. This in turn makes it relatively easier to scrutinise these spread powers. Although the idea of absolute control of political behaviour through collective responsibility is debatably a dangerous idea, it also has positive aspects in showing the party to be uniform in policy and ideas, working together for the good of the people, and also helps to contain public disagreement between departments, which would otherwise present the view of a dysfunctional government. Also, when I discussed the nature of agreement to differ, although my point was that it contravened convention, I do believe that the actual concept itself is positive, and should be more clearly incorporated into the convention itself. I have emphasised throughout the essay that the civil service are able to avoid taking responsibility for many of their actions, but ministers do have the power to dismiss civil servants for maladministration or other major errors, so they are not completely free from responsibility. The courts can also get involved in issues of ministerial responsibility where necessary, although their power is limited to compensation and other similar judgements, rather than amendments to problems cemented by the nature of ministerial responsibility. I must also stress that in criticising the conventions governing ministerial responsibility, I am not necessarily discrediting the convention system as a whole; rather I am identifying that the current conventions that we have are vague, uncertain and inadequate at preventing ministerial incompetence and impropriety. It must still be noted that conventions remain an effective way of keeping the constitution up to date regarding contemporary political values. I also commented on how convention is not actually legally enforceable. However, as Dicey argues, breaking of many conventions can in fact still lead to involvement of the courts, as convention and law in our constitution are so intertwined that breaking one will very often require breaking of the other. In a survey, Mancuso stated that whatever is not expressly forbidden is tacitly permitted. In this summary of the nature of convention, Mancuso highlights what I think is the main problem with our current conventions governing ministerial responsibility. The conventions are too vague and open to interpretation, and as a result, it is impossible for the convention system to effectively scrutinise government. Clearer definitions need to be made of the conventions, possibly using legislation as well, so that proper safeguards against ministerial (and departmental) incompetence and impropriety can be imposed. Once these conventions are amended, it will be much easier to make specific changes to the administration, such as creating a policy register so that blame and responsibility can be effectively administered, and changing circumstances in which ministers can avoid answering questions when subject to select committee review.

Kant and Mill Essays

Kant and Mill Essays Kant and Mill Essay Kant and Mill Essay Essay Topic: Immanuel Kant Kant and Mill Name: Course: Date: Kant and Mill Immanuel Kant and John Stuart Mill, both prominent philosophers have diverse opinions towards the elements of moral theories. Kant’s views are considered rather interesting while compared to those of Mill, which are more conservative. The differences in their beliefs pertaining to the moral laws have been a cause for controversy for the longest period. The ‘new-age’ philosophers have accepted neither Kant’s theory nor Mill’s. Instead, they have stated that none of the theories can stand individually but if they are both put together, they are more sensible. However, this has also stemmed some more debate and so the matter has remained unsolved in philosophy. The good will of a person is alleged to be an intrinsic feature of the individual. It refers to the kind of good that chooses to fulfill its moral duty to act in a certain way that is expected by the society. Kant stated, â€Å"A good will is not good because of what it affects or accomplishes.à ¢â‚¬  This statement is alluring not only because of the logic behind it but because it applies a lot to humanity. This is because the message the statement depicts is that a person’s goodwill is not presumably good because of the effect of the actions of the person in question. For this reason, Kant’s statement appeals to me. The actions of an individual may be focused on merely favoring some inclinations and the sum of the inclinations in question. This kind of goodwill is lacking in power according to the moral theories by both Mill and Kant. However, it should be known that goodwill could let a person have a good disposition to will in a certain way. Kant mentioned two key aspects in his theory, â€Å"the good will and duty.† Kant did not think that any outcome was in the favor of general good. This paper will take up the concept of duty, which includes that of an individual’s good will. Good character trait like ingenuity, intelligence and courage are important in any morally upright person. However, these traits can lead someone to do the wrong thing and in so do ing become ‘evil’. He uses this to describe the good will of humankind. Kant thinks the only intrinsically good thing in a person is the good will. Good will is not only shown by appearance and actions but it is based on the outcomes of the actions. If the results are good, the will is also believed to be good. Intrinsic good refers to a concept that assumes that something’s good is found in itself. Duty on the other hand is the necessity to act out of reverence for the law and moral codes in a certain setting. It does not depend on results of a particular action and any principles. Laws teach us what we can or cannot do. We have to follow these principles, which guide our actions. The maxim should be consistent with laws. For instance, a person who talks on the phone during a movie, they have to keep their voices low. Such a person should consider whether the act is worth it or not. If the person foresees any bad consequences, it will be wiser to desist from the action. Mill’s illustrious formulation in philosophy is filled with religious intolerance. He appealed for freedom and his opinion is that if all human beings have the same opinions apart from one; only that the one person has a contrary view. The rest of the human beings with a similar view have no reason to forbid this person to speak just because they have differing opinions. There is no logical reason that warrants the prohibiting of the opposing party to air his or her views. Mill has a formulation called the â€Å"greatest happiness principle.† It helps people to do the right thing in appropriate proportions, as they strive to promote general happiness for all humankind. He clearly states that there is a difference between higher and lower forms of happiness. He defines the difference between higher and lower forms of happiness with the principle that those who have experienced both tend to prefer one to the other. Kant thought the fundamental principle of our moral duties is a categorical imperative. It commands us to exercise our wills in a particular way and to not do wrong since we posses rational wills. Both of Kant and Mill’s opinions are based on reputable principles. Kant was a philosopher and astronomer. He was also a founder of German classical philosophy and idealism. He is considered one of the most influential thinkers of modern Europe. He depicts the moral obligation of philosophy. According to him, an act is right if and only if it is done because of an individual’s sense of duty. However, for Mill, an act is right if and only if it results in the happiness of humanity regardless of the duty of the person. Kant believes that what matters is that the will that was involved. Mill’s is an empiricist theory because he believes that the outcome and consequences of the action is what matters. Kant’s is a rationalist theory. He has good intentions though invalid because in reality, nowadays, the outcome is what matters as opposed to the reason the action took place. Mill rejects the Kantian tendency to separate morality and happiness. Happiness is morality that includes both physical and intellectual pleasure. Mill espouses the importance of cultivated minds for this reason; through education, humans can tap into the unlimited sources of intellectual stimulation that have been provided by civilization. I disagree with Mill as he thinks happiness arises from instrumental good. In my opinion, it occurs because of the intrinsic good. I believe our mental states determine whether we are happy or not. Mill fails to prove his greatest happiness principle through his varied arguments. I reject empiricism and accept rationalism instead. Although studying and experience can reveal useful information, knowledge can also be acquired from experience. People should accept Kant’s opinion of the difference between phenomenal and numeral reality. This is vital for one to understand his moral philosophy. Our will is in control but the outcome of our will is not. A good person is not someone who does ‘good’ but rather is one who wills to be good.

3 Cases of Inconsistent Wording in Lists

3 Cases of Inconsistent Wording in Lists 3 Cases of Inconsistent Wording in Lists 3 Cases of Inconsistent Wording in Lists By Mark Nichol Whether items are listed in line (within a sentence) or vertically, the syntactical structure of the items should be consistent. In the following three examples, discussion and revision illustrate this point. First Example 1. Integrity to the Discipline 2. Constructive Board Engagement 3. Effective Risk Positioning 4. Establish a Learning Culture 5. Set Appropriate Incentives In this list of topics, the first three are written as phrases, while the last two are imperative sentences (meaning that they tell the reader to do something). Every item should follow the same organization, one way or the other: Option 1: Phrases 1. Integrity to the Discipline 2. Constructive Board Engagement 3. Effective Risk Positioning 4. Establishment of a Learning Culture 5. Setting of Appropriate Incentives Option 2: Imperative Sentences 1. Bring Integrity to the Discipline 2. Enable Constructive Board Engagement 3. Promote Effective Risk Positioning 4. Establish a Learning Culture 5. Set Appropriate Incentives Second Example 1. Appearances are everything. 2. Tell the story. 3. Keep it short. 4. Speak with authority. 5. Respond directly to questions. 6. Be a team player. In this set of statements, all items are complete sentences, but the first one is a declarative statement (one that states a fact or idea). The easiest solution here is to alter the outlier (though in certain cases it may be more appropriate, or otherwise preferable, to retain the syntactical structure of the minority item(s) in a list): 1. Remember that appearances are everything. 2. Tell the story. 3. Keep it short. 4. Speak with authority. 5. Respond directly to questions. 6. Be a team player. Third Example Management complexity is significantly reduced. Tool sprawl eliminated. Scalable, resilient infrastructure. Each of the three items in this list is different; the first is a declarative statement, the second is also declarative but, as is sometimes done in lists, it has (unlike the previous item) been truncated by omission of a helping verb, and the third item is simply a phrase. Again, unless there is a good reason for structuring list items to match the exception or exceptions, go with the majority: Management complexity is significantly reduced. Tool sprawl is eliminated. Infrastructure is scalable and resilient. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Style category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Signs and Symbols You Should KnowAcronym vs. InitialismPractice or Practise?

Tree Farming vs Agricultural Farming Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Tree Farming vs Agricultural Farming - Essay Example Agricultural farmers are employees rather than private land owners and this farming involves cultivation of food crops, cash crops as well as farming of animals for food and milk. Agricultural farms tend to grow a variety of crops on the same land and large harvestings take place over a small period. Whereas tree farming is a long process, where it takes about twenty to twenty five years for a sapling to grow into a big tree and only one type of tree is planted across the whole plantation. The two terms however are not to be intermixed as they both share some similarities and differences. (Agriculture) Agricultural farming demands a lot of attention from the farmers. They have to keep a constant check on the quality of the yield as well as the health of the animals. Trees, on the other hand do not require rigorous cultivation, but like agricultural farming there are certain practices that need to be followed in order to keep the growth and the quality of the trees to the best level. The land of the plantation should be carefully monitored so that it is prevented from wildfire, overgrazing and the trees should be kept free from diseases and insects.

Marriage is a private affair ( by Chinua Achebe) Research Paper

Marriage is a private affair ( by Chinua Achebe) - Research Paper Example On the other hand, Igbo village is the symbol of ancient and rigid traditions. Encapsulating within the compass of a fascinating saga of love, â€Å"Marriage is a Private Affair† by Chinua Achebe, presents a conflict of old and new at different realms of life and include social, psychological and cultural perspectives. Thesis Statement The pieces of Achebe are stuffed into realism and his story; â€Å"Marriage is a Private Affair† is not an exception either. To evolve the realism in the story, Achebe employs myriad devices and techniques. This essay intends to give a detailed exposition to the thought process of Achebe and his devices used in the realm of physical, psychological and cultural elements in order to achieve realism in the story. Physical Reality Employed in the Story Achebe in his story, â€Å"Marriage is a Private Affair† tries to evoke the physical reality that appeals to all the five senses of a human being. On the plane of this appeal to the five senses, Achebe achieves the physical reality in the story. This technique of Achebe is much inspired from the romantic poetry, especially that of Keats. The only difference is the variation in consequence that the appeals at respective planes have manifested. In Romantic Poetry, there was a sheer feeling of ecstasy and here the technique is employed to generate realism in the story. All the senses of sight, smell, taste, sound and touch are evoked throughout the story to make it real and relate it to all the senses of mankind operating throughout. The sense of sight is evoked through the detailed description of the beauty and the good manners of the woman, whom Nnaemeka’s father selects to marry. Here the usage of words and its representations are so strong that the sense is perfectly evoked through mere words: â€Å"I have found a girl who will suit you admirably—Ugoye Nweke, the eldest daughter of our neighbor, Jacob Nweke. She has a proper Christian upbringing. Wh en she stopped schooling some years ago her father (a man of sound judgment) sent her to live in the house of a pastor where she has received all the training a wife could need. Her Sunday school teacher has told me that she reads her Bible very fluently.† Nnaemeka, further narrates his acquaintance with the girl, â€Å"He remembered Ugoye quite well, an Amazon of a girl who used to beat up all the boys, himself included, on the way to the stream, a complete dunce at school.† These words suggest the visual imagery to the plane of realism where the light on the character of Nnaemeka is further revealed strongly (Achebe, â€Å"Marriage Is a Private Affair†). The appeal of sight and smell is evoked through the description of the women of Ibo tribes in maintaining their household. Along with it, the good food that the Ibo women cook and its detailed description project the appeal of sight and smell. The sense of hearing is made pertinent through the literal audible s ilence that the readers go through after the confession of Nnaemeka (to marry Nene Atang) to his father Okeke, â€Å"I shall never see her,† was the reply. From that night the father scarcely spoke to his son. This feeling of gloomy silence which posses more sense of threat than Okeke’s thundering speeches evokes a true scene of hearing which can be perceived through the

The Hunger Games Movie Essay Example for Free

The Hunger Games Movie Essay The Hunger Games book and movie are great. Well, if you have seen them you clearly see that the movie and the book’s plots are relatively similar, but there are a few differences between the movie and the book. Although they bear some seeming variances, the similarities between the Hunger Games book and the Hunger Games movie are pronounced. To begin, the Hunger Games movie is a very interesting movie that is modified in order to clarify several concepts that cannot be presented as they were written by Suzanne Collins. To interpret this idea, the Hunger Games movie was altered so the viewers could understand many ideas that Suzanne Collins wrote, but could not be incorporated into the movie in the same way. For example, the idea that the items and the obstacles in the arena were created and controlled by the Gamemakers is depicted in the movie when the Gamemakers create graphics of mutations and then drag them to where they want to place them. Once they are released, the mutations come to life in the arena. On the contrary, the Hunger Games book contains the original content and ideas; however, the Hunger Games movie contains slightly different content and does not represent the same intentions. In other words, the Hunger Games book had no modifications made to it because it has the original material. To illustrate this point, in the book, as Madge bids farewell to Katniss before she leaves to the Capitol, she gives Katniss the mockingjay pin so she can wear it as the token from her district in the Games. However this concept was modified and in the movie someone who appears to be Greasy Sae gives Katniss the mockingjay pin. Then, Katniss gave the pin to Primrose as a symbol of protection at the reaping. As Primrose says farewell to her sister, she returns the pin to her as a sign of protection as well. These two gestures are clearly different, when Madge gives Katniss the pin it is with the intention that the pin will be her token from her district in the Games, with the intention that Katniss will show pride in her district. Meanwhile, Primrose gives Katniss the pin with the intention that the pin will protect her during the Games. More importantly, the Hunger  Games boo k and the Hunger Games movie contain unquestionable similarities. â€Å"May the odds be ever in your favor.† This famous phrase that Suzanne Collins wrote in the book appears throughout the movie. This phrase was portrayed in the book as words people would joke about, but in reality they realized that it was very devastating, for in fact the odds were not in their favor. The idea of how this phrase was viewed in the book was delicately portrayed in the movie when Gale told Katniss his name was in the reaping forty-two times. Not only was this a devastating amount of times because he was eighteen, but because he took out tesserae for his siblings, so they would not have to risk their chances of being chosen to participate in the Games, and his mom. Furthermore, the producer of the Hunger Games movie carefully depicted Cinna as he was described by Suzanne Collins in the book. In the book, Katniss contemplated, â€Å"I’m taken aback by how normal he looks. Most of the stylists they interview on television are so dyed, stenciled, and surgically altered they’re grotesque. But Cinn a’s close-cropped hair appears to be its natural shade of brown. He’s in a simple black shirt and pants. The only concession to self-alteration seems to be metallic gold eyeliner that has been applied with a light hand.† The producer of the movie did an outstanding job portraying Cinna. In the movie, the stylists and the civilians of the Capitol dress absurd. They had colored hair, crazy hair styles, strange wardrobes, unnatural skin colors, and a more than necessary amount of makeup on. Meanwhile in the movie, Cinna dressed casually, meaning no crazy wardrobes or crazy hair, simply just a layer of metallic gold eyeliner. He was portrayed exactly like this in both the movie and the book. In addition, the producer did a tremendous job creating the seam environment on the reaping day, as it resembles what Suzanne Collins wrote in the book about the seam on the reaping day. Collins wrote from Katniss’ perspective saying, â€Å"But today the black cinder streets are empty. Shutters on the squat gray houses are closed. Our house is almost at the the edge of the seam. I only have to pass a few gates to reach the scruffy field called the Meadow. Separating, the Meadow from the woods, in fact enclosi ng all of District 12, is a high chain-link fence topped with barbed-wire loops.† The scenes in the movie that show the seam during the morning of the reaping day resemble this description from the book. It was important for the producer of the movie to capture the essence that the  reaping day causes. The reaping is not a happy or joyful event it is very depressing and devastating, therefore it was crucial for Suzanne Collins to describe the day of the reaping as deserted and to describe everyone as keeping to themselves on this day. The movie captured the mood and tone that the reaping day was very depressing. While some differences between the Hunger Games book and the Hunger Games movie are evident, the similarities are striking. The Hunger Games movie was slightly altered to incorporate and express the same ideas expressed in the book. However, the Hunger Games book contains the original material that was interpreted into the movie with different intentions. Despite having these differences, the similarities between these two topics are that they both exhibit that the odds are not in their favor, they both portray Cinna as normal dressed and casual, and in the movie, and the seam resembles and captures the mood and tone of the seam that Suzanne Collins wrote about in the book. It is evident that the Hunger Games book and the Hunger Games movie contain more similarities than differences because the only differences were concepts and ideas that needed modification.

To what extent do you find this a satisfactory ending to the novel - :: English Literature

To what extent do you find this a satisfactory ending to the novel - chap6 Salinas River consequences of Lennies actions. To what extent do you find this a satisfactory ending to the novel? Chapter 6 takes place at the Salinas River in the late afternoon where we see the consequences of Lennies actions. After murdering Curley's wife in the barn, Lennie has gone on the run and hides in the brush. George finds Lennie and tries to give him a fear free death. This is probably the most moving chapter of the novel. In many ways I find it a satisfying ending, but there is also an element of surprise in the fact that it is George who kills his best friend Lennie, although Steinbeck has prepared us with the death of Candy's dog and Curleys wife. The impact of the ending is very poignant and touching as I feel sympathy for Lennie as I feel I understand him better than the other characters that have died. The link between the beginning of the novel and the end makes it more complete as there is a full circle. The setting that they're in, along the Salinas River with men shouting, and the reason why they are there are also similar to the beginning of the novel and this has looped. Lennie is running from this ranch, the same as in the beginning as they ran away from Weed. But the previous reason was not as serious as this one. Lennie had been accused of raping a woman, whereas this instance he has murdered one. The only other difference in this is that Lennie expects George to follow him and they would both escape together, but that was not to be the story. This was unexpected in the way that George killed Lennie, but Lennie had done too many bad things and this time he had crossed over the line and George had had enough. Lennies hallucination shows how he's imitating all the people close to him. This could be a sign of him going insane and not knowing what to do. When George arrives at the brush, Lennie is trying to make him follow the same ritual by first of all waiting as George tells him off, and then attempts to make him feel guilty by saying how he could run away and live in a cave. After that George would feel sorry for Lennie and they would make up and talk about the ranch and the rabbits. Lennie thinks that he is succeeding, but it creates an empathetic mood when George finally shoots Lennie.

Free Will or Predestination: Who Controls Our Fate?

â€Å"If you can hold it in your hands then you can fold it by commands but if its fate to understand , fate cannot wait and is unmanned, the decisions you make will lend fate a hand. †- Unknown After analyzing the manuscript ,Macbeth, it can be said that fate is not determined by pre-destination but by free will. This is proven when Macbeth takes his fate into his own hands by killing his cousin, King Duncan, in order to become king of Scotland. It is a dispute started by Christians that has traveled throughout different time periods, races, and religions. Are our lives already planned out or do we hold the key to our own fate?The King James bible says that pre-destination and free will can Co-exist but many choose one extreme or the other. In the story of Macbeth, the main character is visited by three witches who prophetize that he will become king of Scotland but do not give details as to how or when he will take the throne. (p. 17 lines 59-63) Under the influence of his w ife, Lady Macbeth, Macbeth does not wait for the prophecy to unfold and freely kills his cousin King Duncan in order to take control of Scotland. Throughout the play, his ambitions and insecurities lead him to freely become a murderer in order to get what he wants in life.As previously stated, the argument of free will or predestination has been around for centuries and is rooted in religion. The theory behind predestination is that God has already predetermined who will get into heaven and has planned everyone’s life out for them. Every decision made, no matter good or bad, was determined by God before you were born. (David Bennett. ) Those who believe in predestination are often classified as Calvinists, after John Calvin who is the man behind many of the predestination theories, or Reformed theologists.Free will is defined as, â€Å"The power of acting without the constraint of necessity or fate; the ability to act at one's own discretion. † (Merriam-Webster diction ary) In terms of religion, free will is the idea that gives each individual the opportunity to choose what they will believe in and make the decision to follow Christ or not. The theory behind free will is that one can act on his or her own without having their fate predetermined for them. In Macbeth’s case, he acted upon free will by taking fate into his own hands rather than waiting to see how his life would unfold.The witches role in the play is key because without their prophecy, Macbeth would have continued on living his life normally. Although it may have been controversial during the time period, the witches role is important because they add another dimension to the play, a sense of mystery. The weird sisters, as they are often referred to as, bring a supernatural feel into the play because of their appearance and abilities It is because of them that the story is set into motion and the audience witnesses the fall of Macbeth and the blood trail that he leaves in his w ake.Although some readers choose to fault the witches with the fate of Macbeth, it is ultimately his fault because he makes the final decisions to commit the murderous deeds. They planted the seeds but Macbeth nurtured them, allowing them to grow into something bigger than himself and everyone else around him. Macbeth’s misinterpretation of the prophecy shows his weak character, which allows Lady Macbeth to manipulate him into doing what she feels should be done. He believes everything he hears to be true and after the murder of Duncan, he commits crimes without hesitation.Every decision that Macbeth made was of his own mind and action unlike Banquo who says, â€Å"Sometimes we hear favorable things that may bring us to harm. † While Banquo was also intrigued by the prophecies, he did not allow them to take over his life. In fact he says, â€Å"New honors come upon him like our strange garments, cleave not to their mould But with the aid of use. †(p. 20 lines 15 7-159) From this statement, the audience could gather that Banquo feels that these positions are unnatural to them.If Macbeth was in the right frame of mind instead of being driven by greed and deadly ambition, he might have experienced the same feelings as Banquo. The murders committed by Macbeth were justified in his mind as something that just â€Å"had to be done†. Immediately after the murder of King Duncan, Macbeth expresses his deep sorrow and regret. (p. 34 lines46-51) This guilt begins to drive him insane and he becomes extremely paranoid. Lady Macbeth expresses her need to make the murder of King Duncan happen so that they can gain the titles they deserve in Scotland. p. 28 lines 53-65) In modern day interpretations, Lady Macbeth is sometimes seen as the fourth witch because she too plays an important role in Macbeth’s downfall. While it is ultimately his final decision to commit these murders, she also planted deadly seeds in his head. Impatience, selfishnes s, and greed allow Macbeth to become victim of his own desire. Macbeth’s careless use of free will eventually led to his wife’s death and his lords turning their back on him. While he had high hopes for his reign, he was eventually the cause of his own demise.

Compare the ways in which Philip Larkin and Carol Ann Duffy present the theme of death and its implications on life

The concept of death and its implications are explored extensively by Larkin and Duffy, both poets agreeing that the destructive quality of death makes void of all the time and effort we invest in life. Larkin seems to demonstrate a cold fear towards this inevitability by distancing himself from the reality in ‘Ambulances’ and ‘Dockery and Son’, choosing to make resigned but philosophical points on the subject. Duffy, by contrast, invests in a far more emotional approach and suggests how the finality can bring a strange sense of comfort amidst the devastation; this is demonstrated in the poems ‘The Suicide’ and ‘Never Go Back’ where the personas vow to never repeat their deathly experiences again, and, in the case of ‘The Suicide’ in particular, use death as a means to exact revenge. ‘Ambulances’ are described as vehicles that both literally transport the dying, and are the anthropomorphised psychopomps who help establish the transitory stage between life and death. The fairly archaic yet idiomatic verb phrase ‘borne away’ and the use of determining modifiers in ‘any kerb: / All streets’ suggests that death is a ubiquitous and ghostly presence that transcends time and takes life indiscriminately. Thus, Larkin achieves a grave mood and an aloof tone which suggests the easy dissolution of identity and personality in the face of death. Duffy similarly presents the event of death in ‘The Suicide’, but unlike Larkin’s distance, the persona here takes control with the modal auxiliary in ‘I will write’ and demands recognition from their attempted suicide: ‘Famous. The delivery as an emotional dramatic monologue helps serve the speaker’s appeal to victimhood, as they use a bitter and increasingly vindictive tone to justify their heinous sin of ‘despair’. This cry for attention thus suggests the instinctive egoism of humans, much like the bystanders in ‘Ambulancesà ¢â‚¬â„¢ who, despite witnessing a tragedy, ‘whisper at their own distress’. In contrast, death in ‘Dockery and Son’ incites abstract musings on the meaning of life and depicts Larkin’s autobiographical account of attending the memorial service of an old college acquaintance.What is the difference between a figurative and a literal analogy? The poem is introduced in medias res, ‘Dockery was junior to you..? ’ but the disinterested speaker quickly dissolves into a nostalgic reverie as he explores the fatalistic reality that is often followed after death. The lack of consolation in living is demonstrated when Larkin attempts to revisit his past and ‘tries the door of where I used to live’, but finds it ‘Locked’; the finality in the modifier symbolises how the speaker is unable to return to a past that no longer exists, and thus remains estranged from the familiarity of the past. Never Go Back’ develops on this idea further since it follows the journey of a speaker who revisits her old haunts after the end of her failed marriage. Death, here, is used as an extended metaphor, in contrast with Dockery’s literal death, but this likewise establishes a period of mourning and self-reflection as she is being transported by ‘a taxi implying a herse’. However, the persona suggests there is some consolation in life since she is ‘released’ by the past, the verb carrying connotations of the relief and freedom gained in knowing that the past no longer exists, whereas Larkin’s resignation towards life in sombre lines such as, ‘Whether or not we use it, it goes’, suggests Dockery’s death to be more of a call to take stock of his life and thus suggests it to be the beginning of the end. ‘Ambulances’ invites us to the idea that death is a private experience but this sense of intimacy can be misleading as it opens with the simile ‘closed like confessionals’. The sinister religious connotations suggest how the sudden belief in death has the ability to invoke regret as one realises the significance of their life; the narrator thus suggests that there is a need for secrecy at this personal revelation as he attributes the ambulance with a spectral quality by the dynamic verb ‘thread’, provoking images of the Moirae and their threads of fate, and thus constructing the image of the ‘traffic’ as being the fabricated flow of time. However, the persona reminds us that death is a definite reality as he eerily juxtaposes it against youthful innocence with ‘children strewn on steps or roads’. The verisimilitude of the ordinary urban scene also grants death a recognisable status, but at the same, Larkin demonstrates how death is inscrutable via the symbol of the ambulance: ‘giving back none of the glances they absorb’, presenting the ambulance, and therefore, death as a mystery which provides no answers. Similarly, ‘The Suicide’ provides as an example of how death can be cryptic as the persona presents a gothic scene breathlessly. The irregularly long opening line coupled with the pathetic fallacy in ‘bitter moon’ and ‘smudgy clouds’ conveys the speaker's rambling tone and her disorganised state of mind as she appears to plan her own death. These imagined, celestial characters provide a parallel with her emotional reality through the repeated vowel and consonant sounds in ‘gleam’ and ‘glee’, thus drawing attention to the sandwiched non-sequitur of ‘I dress in a shroud. The deliberate caesurae and the ending rhyme ‘me’ suggests she is preparing for and welcoming her death, a stark contrast with the ‘ambulances’ which ‘come to rest at any kerb’ and are the intruders that disturb the normality of everyday life. The reassuring universality of life is also missing in ‘The Su icide’, as the persona twists images of innocence such as with the modifier in ‘the horrid smiling mouths’, and conveys her contempt, much like the case of betrayal by her loved one. Duffy thus attempts to establish a personal relationship with death which is arguably seen as unnatural, whereas Larkin suggests that it is perfectly acceptable for death to transcend life and for our understanding of it to remain little. Larkin’s ‘Ambulances’ continues its cool narration which helps create an ironic quality to the scene when the speaker suddenly launches into the description of death in the second stanza, all whilst sustaining the organised verse form. Life is seen to quickly dissolve into the image of the ‘wild white face atop red stretcher blankets’, the elongated effect of the alliteration serving as the only definite point of transition. Otherwise, the face isn’t given any attention as ‘it is carried in and stowed’, the pronoun ‘it’ dehumanising the person and the use of verbs which carry connotations of luggage also demonstrates how our bodies are only perceived as vessels for our souls, and that without them, we are powerless. The witnesses, ie the children and women, show to have realised this reality. The epiphany delivered slowly in ‘And sense the solving emptiness’ uses the present continuous to suggest that this experience is universal, but the delivery in gentle sibilance conveys the hushed voice of the speaker as he establishes the event as a quiet memento mori. The obscurity thus suggests the unwillingness of facing the realisation that everything is pointless in the face of death. This is further demonstrated by the polysyndetic listing of ‘so blank and whole and true’, each adjective stressed as the persona makes an effort to capture the moment of realisation before it is lost. Paradoxically, these fatalistic descriptions also carry a sense of nihilism and indifference as Larkin here chillingly injects realism into the scene when he remind us of how we lose our humanity in death. Power and identity are also recurring ideas in ‘The Suicide’ as Duffy’s persona realises that death is a means of achieving recognition and establishing control when she feels trapped and isolated by life. This is denoted by the speaker declaring ‘my body is a blank page I will write on’; the modal verb ‘will’ and the monosyllabic lexis conveys the persona’s certain tone as she describes how her romantic notion of death will leave a clear message for the intended left behind. Similarly, Larkin also shows how death can leave revelations for those left behind, except Duffy here provides a specific example with the possessive determiner in ‘my body’. The use of the personal perspective conveys the speaker's isolation which is reiterated by the repeated syntactical structure of ‘Nobody’; this suggests her lack of recognition in life and how the preservation of it, ‘eyes in the glass like squids’, is deemed unnatural which is mirrored by the sardonic ‘Sexy’ that summarises the simile. By comparison, both poets indicate that death is a natural state due to the futility in living except Larkin suggests that this is a sudden realisation whereas Duffy demonstrates how the drawn-out angst of death is felt on the condition of being alive. The outer enclosed rhymes that contains the intertwining rhymes in ‘Ambulances’, such as the passive-sounding ‘air’ and ‘there’, captures Larkin’s conclusion of how death is the inevitable fate that overshadows our lives. The harsh sibilance in ‘the sudden shut of loss’ conveys the finality of the end but this ending remains dynamic, as the assonance invokes the sighing sound of the narrator as his summary of life, ‘unique blend of families and fashions’ is chased into the final verse where it is unravelled, the dynamism evoking the sense of continuity of time. The noun phrase ‘exchange of love’ denotes how life is a contractual obligation but is only temporary as the endgame is ‘to lie unreachable inside a room’ which connotes the undeniable loneliness in death. However, Larkin persists in remaining vague as he describes death with the euphemism ‘what is left to come’, thus establishing how death remains as an unspoken truth in society. Similarly, Duffy shows how the concept of death governs people in ‘The Suicide’ where the persona’s increasingly vindictive mood culminates into unrepentantly spitting out imperatives to the readers: ‘Fuck off. Worship. ’ The speaker here shows an awareness of the readers’ voyeurism who are compelled to follow her path to self-destruction and watch her play god as she ‘lies under the lightbulb’, literally suggesting the exposure to truth and figuratively conveying a sensual submission to her ‘lightbulb’ moment of self-inflicted death. However, we see the persona’s captivation is to the point of delusion. The dismissive tone and metaphor for life in ‘Who wants / a bloody valentine pumping its love hate love? offset by the deviantly collocated ‘bloody’ alongside the iambic dimeter, attributes the sound of two heartbeats to her confused valentine’s ‘love hate love’. Duffy thus suggests that reflecting over the fragility of life can drive a person to madness and, as Larkin suggests, there is a conservative view that promotes the secrecy of death, indicating how people fearfully deny death in their lives due to its ability to ex pose human frailty which may be seen as an uncomfortable consequence of death. Structurally, Duffy's haphazardly contained verses and the speaker's punning cliches such as ‘I take out the knives’ create a more heartfelt cognisance of death as something looked for and desirable, whereas Larkin’s standardised verses convey his reliable but frigid outlook on the subject. ‘Ambulances’ indicates that death is a passive presence; the echoing alliteration in ‘dulls to distance all we are’ and the collective pronoun ‘we’ concluded that death is the unavoidable fate universal to all of us and, that in death, we are all equal. Likewise, ‘The Suicide’ reflects how death can leave a resounding impact except, specifically, death’s legacy can be a notoriety caused by the decision to unnaturally decide your own death, instead of letting it take you, as suggested in ‘Ambulances’. The shocking irony in ‘This will kill my folks’ thus suggests how death can become an act act of spite when we wilfully plot our own demise instead of allowing death to take its own course. Larkin’s ‘Dockery and Son’ suggests there is a sense of tediousness in death rituals as the persona abruptly cuts off the Dean in the opening lines of the poem with a heavy caesura. Instead, he teases the readers with reminisces of ‘our version’ of the mischief he took part in with friends in the past. This emotional detachment from his old acquaintance’s death is defended by the transitive modifier ‘visitant’, proposing his apathy is appropriate with the neologism ‘death-suited’. This avoidance of the death is further demonstrated by focusing on the comforting familiarity of the surroundings: ‘A known bell chimes’. However, this comfort remains unreachable, announced by the speaker with the modifier ‘Locked’ as he revisits his old halls of residence. The polysyndeton in ‘Canal and clouds and colleges subside slowly from view’ support the adverb ‘slowly’ as Larkin illustrates this gradual passing of time and how the illusion can make one forget that life is limited, the persona thus showing how the event of death can provoke us to want to revisit the past. In ‘Never Go Back’, the speaker similarly explores the relationship between time and death, except here, death is used as a metaphor to describe loss as time itself is personified ‘left pining till it died’. Duffy thus suggests the human desire to enjoy more of life before death takes us, whereas Larkin’s numerical references to time ‘’43’, ‘twenty-one’ quantifies life and suggests a more practical view on the finiteness of time. The persona likewise revisits the past after the end of her marriage, as the narrative begins with the familiar scene of ‘where the living dead drink all day’, the oxymoron ‘living dead’ indicating how people live unfulfilled lives while the hard alliteration delivers a heavy droning sound that lends a mechanical quality to the scene. This conveys a sense of disillusionment with the social activities she used to enjoy, in contrast with ‘Dockery and Son’, where the speaker recalls the past with nostalgic reverence as he anecdotally reveals how Dockery used to share ‘rooms with Cartwright who was killed’. Both poets therefore demonstrate how death and loss can trigger retrospections of the past, Duffy arguing for the case of pain and abandonment in loss with the image of ‘a limping dog’, whereas Larkin avoids such sentiments with the trailing ellipsis in ‘How much . . How little . . . ’, the unfinished thoughts enacting Duffy’s convincing view on how the best emotional response to death is to ‘never go back. ’ The persona in ‘Dockery and Son’ begins to show an awareness of how life is ultimately a journey towards the final destination of death. The train station used symbolically as ‘the joining and parting lines’ simil arly imply the different crossroads existing in life and how companionship allows our roads to briefly overlap. However, the antithesis of the nouns ‘numbness’ and ‘shock’ suggests there is a sense of confusion when the speaker draws comparisons between Dockery’s accomplishments and his own, and ponders on the moment he strayed ‘widely from the others’. Therefore, the syndetic list of repeated negatives ‘no son, no wife, no house or land’ should depict the speaker’s failure of attaining any adult achievement, yet the nonchalance in ‘still seemed quite natural’ suggests that Larkin hadn't quite moved on from his time in university, the adverb ‘still’ indicating the speaker's struggle to come to terms with ageing and the flow of time. There is thus a sense of dread when Larkin contemplates the ‘strong unhindered moon’; the pathetic fallacy suggests the feebleness in differentiating our individual lifelines since we are all doomed to the ‘only end of age’, the adverb ‘only’ stressing the absoluteness and lack of choice in death. Duffy’s ‘Never Go Back’ also demonstrates an emotional resignation to the choices made as ‘the house’, which personifies the past, ‘prefers to be left alone’ amidst the overwhelming images of death; the verb ‘prefers’ suggests it has no intention of recovering from the metaphorical ‘cancer’ which spoils the glowing memory of it being ‘where you were one of the brides’. The house instead reprimands the persona with ‘You shouldn't be here’, the negative modal verb ‘shouldn't’ warning against the attempt to reconcile with the past. The speaker is thus unable to bitterly ruminate the past and abstains from comparing her life to others, ie her ex-husband, alternatively, allowing ‘objects’ (which pertain to the past) to symbolise life itself, and demonstrates how they can symbolically ‘fill a room with pain’ after the end of their use. This passiveness of the persona is also missing in ‘Dockery and Son’, where Larkin intentionally uses Dockery’s death as a means to appraise the value of his own life. Rather, the use of the second person narrative in ‘Never Go Back’ becomes increasingly significant as the speaker captures the suffocating quality of death, recreating the past through syntactic parallelism in ‘all the lies . . . and all the cries’, and the soft assonance in the pictorial image of ‘draw your loved body in blurred air’ conveying this ghostly effect as Duffy places the readers in closer proximity to death. Comparatively using the first person perspective, the speaker in ‘Dockery and Son’ is more prone to deviate from Dockery's unfortunate death and instead focuses on the bleakness of the mundane: ‘And ate an awful pie’. Therefore, both poets present life as a journey that is met with death, yet Larkin demonstrates how death can be used comparatively when we realise our own expiration date and consider the wider meaning of our lives, whereas Duffy indicates how grief can distort the past and how this can, in effect, emotionally paralyse a person. ‘Dockery and Son’ begins with a simplistic but regular alternating rhyme scheme which suits Larkin’s familiarity with his alma mater. The steady fall of sounds such as ‘give’ and ‘live’ capture the persona’s feelings of bittersweet nostalgia but this gradually evolves until the final syntactical structure of ABBCADDC, which creates the suitably dense texture demanded, as Larkin moves from describing his literal surroundings to attributing philosophical thoughts to death’s rendition of life. The speaker derogatorily muses that our acquisitions aren't as valuable as society's ‘innate assumptions’ perceive them to be, since they are superficially denounced as a ‘style’ that tragically ‘harden into all we’ve got’. There is thus a sense of futility in life inspired by the news of a young man’s death, as Larkin concludes that even our choices are obscurely decided by ‘something hidden from us chose’, the vague pronoun ‘something’ suggesting how the workings of life is beyond our comprehension while death remains a certainty that levels everyone in due time. ‘Never Go Back’ similarly concludes with the idea that life is governed by a mysterious entity, except here, it is explicitly denoted as greed and human desire. The crude images of the ‘sly sums of money’ and ‘a drenched whore’ connote a sense of the decay and degression found in society’s apparent hedonism. This enables death to run in parallel with life, as even the associated taxi driver is described by the cliche ‘looks like death’. Ironically, the speaker demonstrates how this illusion of life, and its false evolution, allows possibilities to remain open; the hollow sounds in the pronoun ‘nowhere’ and neologism ‘nowhen’ dissolves the significance of time and space, and instead grants importance to the present by the homely image of ‘the fires and lights come on wherever you live’. By comparison, Larkin suggests a sense of entrapment by the facade as ‘what we think truest . . . warp tight-shut’; the harsh syllables in the modifier ‘tight-shut’ elicit a sense of urgency as the speaker realises he is running out of time to achieve what he wishes, yet the possibilities remain cut off in ‘Dockery and Son’ due to the speaker’s acute awareness of death. In conclusion, Larkin and Duffy both demonstrate the omnipresence of death in our lives. Larkin uses his unassuming observations to describe death as an inescapable component of everyday life, thus suggesting that his point of enlightenment in ‘Dockery and Son’ marks too as a pessimistic beginning of the end. Duffy chooses to manifest death in everyday components of life, normalising death, and instead, offers the view in ‘Never Go Back’ that death provides a chance to understand that the past is gone, and also as a catalyst for hopeful beginnings. However, despite these contrarian views, both poets agree that death remains the undeniable ending to our lives

Albert Einstien Essays - Albert Einstein, Special Relativity

Albert Einstien Essays - Albert Einstein, Special Relativity Albert Einstien Men and Women of Science Albert Einstein Early Life Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany on Mar. 14, 1879. Einstein's parents, who were non observant Jews, moved from Ulm to Munich, Germany when Einstein was an infant. The family business was the manufacture of electrical parts. When the business failed, in 1894, the family moved to Milan, Italy. At this time Einstein decided officially to end his German citizenship. Within a year, still without having completed secondary school, Einstein failed an examination that would have allowed him to pursue a course of study leading to a diploma as an electrical engineer at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. He spent the next year in nearby Aarau at the cantonal secondary school, where he enjoyed excellent teachers and first-rate facilities in physics. Einstein returned in 1896 to the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology, where he graduated, in 1900 as a secondary school teacher of mathematics and physics. After two years he obtained a post at the Swiss patent office in Bern. The patent-office work required Einstein's careful attention, but while employed (1902-1909) there, he completed an astonishing range of publications in theoretical physics. For the most part these texts were written in his spare time and without the benefit of close contact with either the scientific literature or theoretician colleagues. Einstein submitted one of his scientific papers to the University of Zurich to obtain a Ph.D. degree in 1905. In 1908 he sent a second paper to the University of Bern and became a lecturer there. The next year Einstein received a regular appointment as associate professor of physics at the University of Zurich. By 1909, Einstein was recognized throughout German-speaking Europe as a leading scientific thinker. In quick succession he held professorships at the German University of Prague and at the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology. In 1914 he advanced to the most prestigious and best-paying post that a theoretical physicist could hold in central Europe, professor at the Kaiser-Wilhelm Gesellschaft in Berlin. The 1905 papers In the first of three papers that were published in 1905, Einstein examined the phenomenon discovered by Max Planck, according to which electromagnetic energy seemed to be emitted from radiating objects in quantities that were ultimately discrete. The energy of these emitted quantities, the so-called light-quanta was directly proportional to the frequency of the radiation. This circumstance was perplexing because classical electromagnetic theory, based on Maxwell's equations and the laws of thermodynamics, had assumed that electromagnetic energy consisted of waves propagating in a hypothetical, all-pervasive medium called the luminiferous ether, and that the waves could contain any amount of energy no matter how small. Einstein used Planck's quantum hypothesis to describe visible electromagnetic radiation, or light. According to Einstein's resourceful viewpoint, light could be imagined to consist of discrete bundles of radiation. Einstein used this interpretation to explain the photo electric effect, by which certain metals emit electrons when illuminated by light with a given frequency. Einstein's theory, and his subsequent elaboration of it, formed the basis for much of quantum mechanics. The second of Einstein's 1905 papers proposed what is today called the special theory of relativity. At the time Einstein knew that, according to Hendrik Antoon Lorentz's theory of electrons, the mass of an electron increased as the velocity of the electron approached the velocity of light. Einstein also knew that the electron theory, based on Maxwell's equations, carried along with it the assumption of a luminiferous ether, but that attempts to detect the physical properties of the ether had not succeeded. Einstein realized that the equations describing the motion of an electron in fact could describe the nonaccelerated motion of any particle or any suitably defined rigid body. He based his new kinematics on a reinterpretation of the classical principle of relativity, that the laws of physics had to have the same form in any frame of reference. As a second fundamental hypothesis, Einstein assumed that the speed of light remained constant in all frames of reference, as required by cl assical Maxwellian theory. Einstein abandoned the hypothesis of the ether, for it played no role in his kinematics or in his reinterpretation of Lorentz's theory of electrons. As a consequence of his theory Einstein recovered the phenomenon of time dilatation,

How to Get Writing a Novel off your Bucket List

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Reflective analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Reflective analysis - Essay Example I believe that this ability to identify one’s mistakes, learning perfection and the ability to rectify them rather than ignoring the fact of being imperfect, makes me a better person and professional having the ability to improve with every step and instance. The learning outcome I really wanted to pursue is the development of â€Å"understanding that grammatical and mechanical errors detract from achieving their communication purposes†. The grammatical mistakes I made in my earlier writings made the content I wrote awkward and confusing for the reader. For instance, the use of punctuation could make this sentence taken from my January 18 submission, better by replacing â€Å"These celebrities all have thousands if not millions of followers on their social media profiles† with â€Å"These celebrities all have thousands, if not millions, of followers on their social media profiles†. Similarly, a sentence in my January 15 submission read â€Å"I think Toulmin model is the most effective for the evaluative rhetorical analysis I am composing, because my theis is "drug free"†; here the word ‘theis’ makes the reader confused and perplexed as to the meaning of it. The correction needed here was with the spelling of ‘thesis’ and it makes the entire message clear for the reader with proper sense. At times, wrong use of writing structures and mechanics make the work incomprehensible for the reader. I have learnt it from a review of my submissions during the course. For instance, my January 21 submission includes that â€Å"Everyone has one partner, then we read draft each other to find somewhere need to improve, like grammar, etc. ,I think this is a great method for revise draft.† The sentence could make more sense and deliver better meanings by an amendment in the structure and formation of it. It could have been better to say â€Å"Everyone has a partner to work with. After writing the draft, we read each other’s work to identify areas for improvement